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Cervical Cancer

What is Cervical Cancer

It is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is most commonly caused by persistent infection with certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection. Here are some key points about cervical cancer;

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Risk Factors

  • HPV Infection: The most significant risk factor. Not all HPV infections lead to cervical cancer, but persistent infection with high-risk HPV strains can cause changes in cervical cells.

  • Smoking: Increases the risk of cervical cancer.

  • Immunosuppression: A weakened immune system, such as from HIV/AIDS, can increase the risk.

  • Multiple Sexual Partners: Increases the likelihood of HPV infection.

  • Early Sexual Activity: Engaging in sexual activity at an early age increases the risk of HPV infection.

  • Long-term Use of Oral Contraceptives: Some studies suggest a link to cervical cancer.

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Cervical Cancer - Symptoms

Early stages of cervical cancer often do not produce symptoms. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include:

  • Abnormal vaginal bleeding (e.g., after sex, between periods, or after menopause).

  • Unusual vaginal discharge.

  • Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse.

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Cervical Cancer -Prevention

  • HPV Vaccination: Vaccines like Gardasil and Cervarix can protect against the most common high-risk HPV types.

  • Regular Screening: Pap tests (Pap smears) and HPV tests can detect precancerous changes in cervical cells, allowing for early intervention.

  • Safe Sex Practices: Using condoms can reduce the risk of HPV transmission.

Rubber Gloves

Prognosis

  • The prognosis is better when cervical cancer is detected early. Early-stage cervical cancer is highly treatable and often curable.

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